Caught between a rock and a hard place


Meaning
This idiom describes a dilemma where someone faces two difficult or undesirable choices, with no easy solution. It suggests being trapped between equally bad options, often used to express frustration or sympathy for tough decisions in personal, professional, or moral contexts.
Origin
The phrase likely originated in early 20th-century America, possibly from mining or labor disputes where workers faced dangerous conditions (‘rock’) or unemployment (‘hard place’). It’s linked to the older ‘between Scylla and Charybdis’ from Greek mythology. The earliest known use is in a 1921 *American Federationist* article about Arizona miners: ‘Between a rock and a hard place.’ Popularized during the Great Depression, it reflected economic dilemmas and was cemented in American English by the mid-20th century.
Variants
  • Between a rock and a hard place
  • Caught between a rock and hard place
Examples
  • She’s caught between a rock and a hard place: take the risky job or stay unemployed.
  • Between a rock and a hard place, he had to choose between lying or losing his friend.
  • The company is caught between a rock and a hard place—cut staff or go bankrupt.
  • I’m between a rock and a hard place: miss the deadline or submit subpar work.